abstract：:Arrhythmia issues arise frequently in the renal disease population, spanning the spectrum from benign ectopy to sustained arrhythmias. Studies adding to our understanding of arrhythmias and advances in technology have revolutionized the way we deal with many arrhythmias. In dealing with ventricular tachyarrhythmias, r...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kocheril AG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stephen Hales was the first to measure blood pressure directly in the horse (1733), and the definitive studies on human nephrins by Richard Bright followed much later (1836). The relation between high blood pressure and renal disease was established by Mahomed (1872). The discovery of renin and its possible link with ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Peart S

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This prospective multicenter study included 1,205 patients, who were referred for difficult-to-treat hypertension or analysis of possible secondary hypertension. After a standardized selection protocol based on sharply defined drug-resistant hypertension or renal function impairment during angiotensin-converting enzym...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： van Jaarsveld BC,Krijnen P

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP) is a hyperglycosylated analogue of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) that stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as the native hormone. The addition of two extra carbohydrate chains, however, gives NESP greater metabolic stability in vivo, and its termin...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Macdougall IC

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membranous nephropathy remains the most common cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults. Most patients do well with long-term natural history studies reporting a 10-year renal survival of 70% to 90% but the remainder progress to end stage renal failure. This plus the associated morbidity of those with persistent high...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Geddes CC,Cattran DC

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreas transplantation is being performed with increasing frequency and increasing technical success. The availability of new immunosuppressant agents has been associated with a reduction in the previously high rates of allograft rejection in recipients of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants. These lower reject...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Hricik DE

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rapid understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of organ function and disease processes will be translated in the next millennium into new therapeutic approaches to a wide range of clinical disorders, including acute and chronic renal failure. Central to these new therapies are the developing fields of gen...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Humes HD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiloride is a prototypic inhibitor of epithelial sodium channels. Rapid progress has been made in our understanding of the structure of the sodium channel and related cation-selective channels. This work, coupled with experiments examining how selected sodium channel mutations affect amiloride binding, provides criti...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Kleyman TR,Sheng S,Kosari F,Kieber-Emmons T

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes physiological and molecular studies of the colonic H+,K+-ATPase and active potassium (K) absorption in the rat distal colon. Active K absorption is energized by an apical membrane H+,K+-ATPase that is a member of the gene family of P-type ATPases. Physiological experiments of active K absorptio...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Binder HJ,Sangan P,Rajendran VM

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We related 24-hour sodium and potassium excretion cross-sectionally to blood pressure and longitudinally to coronary events and deaths during follow-up in a representative sample of the Scottish population. A random sampling of men and women aged 40-59 in 1984 to 1987 produced 11,629 men and women who provided questio...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tunstall-Pedoe H

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Human Genome Project is rapidly producing insights into the molecular basis of human genetic disorders. The most immediate clinical benefit is the advent of new diagnostic methods. Molecular diagnostic tools are available for several genetic renal disorders and are in development for many more. Two general approac...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Korf BR

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies performed over the last 10 years have evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the control of renal hemodynamics. This article reviews the effects of administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockers on renal function in experimental animals and human volunteers. These studies show that NOS blockade inc...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Gabbai FB,Blantz RC

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Projected requirements for nephrology physicians indicate a need for an increase in the number of nephrology trainees. In addition, government regulations are creating the climate to diminish the entry of international medical graduates into all residency programs. To meet the needs of renal patients, especially those...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Levison SP

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune-mediated nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is now clear that multiple and independent mechanisms contribute to disease onset and pathogenesis, which may explain the remarkable phenotypic and histopathological heterogeneity observed in human SLE. Identification and char...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Foster MH,Kelley VR

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite intensive research over the past three decades, the events leading to pathogenic autoantibody production and immune deposit formation in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus continues to be debated. The controversy is fueled by the clinical observations that individual patients with lupus have variabl...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Madaio MP

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous pathological processes are involved in the renal tubulointerstitial fibrogenic reaction that occurs after ureteral ligation. Central to these maladaptive events is a florid interstitial monocytic infiltration of the tubulointerstitium, which is preceded by a proximal tubular up-regulation of macrophage chemoa...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Diamond JR,Ricardo SD,Klahr S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute renal failure (ARF) is an important clinical syndrome. Despite the frequent occurrence of ARF, nephrologists have not made major therapeutic inroads in the treatment or prevention of ARF. This article will speculate as to why it has been so difficult to gain a substantial foothold in the ongoing battle against A...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Paller MS

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the single most common cause of end-stage renal failure in seropositive patients, has increased in incidence by 30% each year since 1991. Occurring almost exclusively in blacks, HIVAN became the third leading cause of ESRD in blacks, ages 20 to 64, in ...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Winston JA,Burns GC,Klotman PE

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review emphasizes four major areas of pediatric hypertension. Because hypertension is the most common reason student athletes fail the sports pre-participation examinations, we have attempted to provide a rationale approach to the decision process to permit a hypertensive child to partake in leisure and competiti...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Feld LG,Springate JE,Waz WR

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The renal tubular epithelium maintains different sets of transport proteins in plasma membrane domains facing the lumenal and mucosal fluids and limits diffusion between these two compartments. This asymmetry is generated by directing transporters to the appropriate membrane domain, a process that requires both an int...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： van Adelsberg J

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By analogy to the findings with other transport disorders such as Bartter's or Liddle's syndrome, it might be expected that the various forms of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) could result from defects in H-ATPase or H-K-ATPase. However, the available data do not yet support such a simple explanation. With regard to dis...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Mujais SK

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin II maintains extracellular volume homeostasis, in part, by regulating proximal tubule transport. Physiological doses of angiotensin II stimulate volume and solute transport in the proximal tubule independent of changes in the glomerular filtration rate. Stimulation of bicarbonate transport primarily occurs...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Quan A,Baum M

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the early 1960s, a number of new immunosuppressive agents have been introduced to clinical transplantation. This review will be confined to mechanism of actions, and important gains and concerns of new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine A (Neoral), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), FK506, brequinar sodium, sir...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Goral S,Helderman JH

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From the beginning of the first described hemodialysis in 1889, history has shown an exponential evolvement of systems that have resulted in greater safety, efficiency, and broader utilization. It took 60 years, 1947, for the technology to be used in a clinical setting in North America, treating acute renal failure. C...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Van Stone JC

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The important role of hyperglycemia in the genesis of diabetic renal disease has been strengthened by tissue culture studies, experimental animal models, and clinical trials. A mechanistic understanding of the cellular and biochemical processes that link hyperglycemia with the development of diabetic nephropathy is in...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Sharma K,Ziyadeh FN

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drugs may produce fluid and electrolyte disturbances or nephrotoxic reactions extending across the clinical spectrum, from subclinical renal dysfunction to progressive chronic renal insufficiency to severe acute failure. Although some of the drugs that are highly nephrotoxic...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Berns JS,Ford PA

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effectiveness of antihypertensive agents is assessed not only by systemic blood pressure levels, but by multiple parameters that reflect specific organ functions. Among antihypertensive agents, those which inhibit angiotensin actions show particular efficacy in ameliorating end organ damage. This efficacy likely refle...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Fogo A,Kon V

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans, idiopathic hypercalciuria is associated with stone formation. To study the mechanisms that are responsible for the excess urine calcium excretion in ways that are difficult to impossible in humans, we have developed a rat model of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Hypercalciuric rats were successively inbred for m...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Bushinsky DA

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review is presented of 164 nephrotic patients who were older than 60 years at the onset of their nephrotic syndrome, together with a review of more than 1,000 patients from the literature. The nephrotic syndrome in elderly patients is as common as in younger adults, but is often misdiagnosed as "heart failure" by pr...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Cameron JS

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of organic acids including phenols are accumulated in plasma of uremic patients because of reduced renal clearance. Some of them account for uremic problems such as reduced drug binding. Protein-bound organic acids such as hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Niwa T

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood pressure increases with age in all US population groups that have been studies, but does so faster in African Americans. Evidence from extensive microscopic renal vascular studies at autopsy supports the view that blood pressure increases with age because of progressive fibroplasia of renal interlobular arteries...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Tracy RE

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium homeostasis is an important aspect of maternal and fetal physiology during gestation, and recent evidence implicates alterations in calcium metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypertension during pregnancy. Deficiencies in calcium intake have been linked to preeclampsia/eclampsia, and hypocalciuria and deviation...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Hojo M,August P

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute ingestion of protein and intravenous infusion of amino acids are known to stimulate increases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in animals and humans. Although some investigators believe that these changes are mediated by a circulating hormonal factor, there is considerable evidence that i...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Woods LL

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first part of this article focuses on the risk of functional deterioration in subjects with solitary kidneys; the long-term clinical outcome of various subgroups of patients is reviewed. Thereafter, the pathophysiology of the renal functional reserve in subjects with a 50% reduction in renal parenchyma and the res...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Rugiu C,Oldrizzi L,Maschio G

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms regulating the establishment of the glomerular endothelium and mesangium during glomerulogenesis are not understood. In this article, we discuss two different blood vessel growth processes: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with particular attention on how these processes might operate in the developing kidn...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Hyink DP,Abrahamson DR

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclooxygenase inhibitors have long been used in experimental studies as well as in clinical practice to reduce urinary protein excretion in proteinuric renal diseases. However, the mechanisms by which this treatment limits glomerular filtration of proteins are not fully elucidated. We will review the cellular and mol...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Remuzzi A,Remuzzi G

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocytes/macrophages and activated (but not resting) lymphocytes as well as certain subsets of thymocytes express the VDR. This protein is indistinguishable from the classical 50-kDa VDR and is encoded by an mRNA with identical nucleotide sequence to that of the human intestinal VDR. Acting via the VDR, 1,25(OH)2D3 m...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Manolagas SC,Yu XP,Girasole G,Bellido T

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evidence indicates an increased prevalence and likely also an increased incidence of both renal and extrarenal malignancy in ESRD patients. With the exception of nonHodgkin's lymphoma, these are the same solid tumors commonly found in the general population. Although the overall change in tumor frequency may be sm...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Marple JT,MacDougall M

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In aggregate, the evidence reviewed here supports a very important role for PDGF expression and action at local glomerular and interstitial sites in human kidney development and disease. PDGF delivered by platelets, or produced by endogenous cells of the kidney is capable of stimulating responses including proliferati...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Daniel TO,Kumjian DA

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine, play a central role in the regulation of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Dopamine inhibits tubular Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and increases sodium excretion. Norepinephrine stimulates Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and decreases urinary sodium excretion. The signaling p...

journal_title：Seminars in nephrology

authors： Meister B,Aperia A

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00